Mule and black tailed deer pdf

Generally, hunting has less effect on blacktail populations than on mule deer due to the dense vegetation that provides excellent hiding and escape cover. The more common northwest whitetailed deer occur throughout most of northeastern oregon including the blue mountains, snake river and parts of the columbia basin. Discrepancies may exist between the location of a wild animal remains found on a provincial highway and the normal range of the species. Whats the difference between a blacktailed deer and a. Black tailed and mule deer in british columbia, particularly in winter, are almost entirely separated by the coast range. Nutrition and metabolism of mule and black tailed deer of north america chapter pdf available january 1981 with 41 reads how we measure reads. Its antlers are shaped like, but are smaller than, mule deers. The mule deer group has as many as 7 subspecies, and the blacktailed deer group. The purpose of this paper is to provide a general overview of the current blacktailed and mule deer odocoileus hemionus population status and general abundance trends throughout their range in north america. Predation, starvation, and hunting are the main causes of death. The fourth is the columbian whitetailed deer, which is currently on the endangered species list.

Analysis of deer and elkvehicle collision sites along. In some seasons, antler shape can be easily used to distinguish species of male deer. Mule deer working group, western association of fish and wildlife agencies. Mule deer odocoileus hemionus primary identifying features. A larger database exist ed for white tailed deer 0. Blacktailed deer mate from november through december. This year was the first time the department used email to contact. Mule deer carry a unique polymorphism at codon 225, serine s, or phenylalanine f. The smaller black tailed deer odocoileus hemionus columbianus subspecies sometimes also called the columbia black tailed deer ranges west of the cascades and prefers more forested areas, though they have also adapted to the open farmlands of the willamette valley. Although mule deer and blacktailed deer are the same species, the mule deers mitochondrial dna, which is passed down through the maternal line, is very close to that of the whitetailed deer and not of the more primitive and ancestral blacktailed deer. Pdf mitochondrial and nuclear geneticrelationships of. Blacktailed and mule deer live more than eight to ten years. Oregon blacktailed deer management plan oregon state. Abundance of mule deer odocoileus hemionus in western north america is often considered lower than desirable for hunting.

Whitetailed deer antlers differ from mule and blacktailed deer in that there is one main beam with points coming off. We conducted 11 digestion trials with blacktailed odocoileus hemionus columbianus richardson and mule deer o. The third subspecies in the province, the sitka blacktail of the north coast odocoileus hemionus sitkensis, is similar to the columbia blacktail. An assessment of mule and blacktailed deer habitats and. Lingle, s 2000 seasonal variation in coyote feeding behaviour and mortality of whitetailed deer and mule deer. Western association of fish and wildlife agencies this paper provides a general overview of the current black tailed and mule deer odocoileus hemionus population status and general abundance trends throughout their range in north america. Isolated view of a young sitka blacktailed deer standing in the tall grass in the pacific northwest and southern british blacktail deer. Bucks dont participate in raising the fawns, instead. Historic survival rates and causespecific mortality for columbian. Blacktailed deer, cedros island blacktailed deer, cedros island mule deer, mule deer. Washington washington implemented aprs in selected mule deer, blacktailed deer, andor whitetailed deer units wdfw 2010. Abstract abundance of mule deer odocoileus hemionus in western north america is often considered lower than desirable for hunting. Tail tail is the most distinct and common feature used to differentiate whitetailed and mule deer.

Young blacktail deer, a subspecies of mule deer, graze on fresh grass at a golf course blacktail deer. We found only 4 published studies of the effects of predation on black tailed deer. There are two subspecies of the blacktailed deer as well. The blacktailed deer is a subspecies of mule deer odocoileus hemionus. During the day they rest in thickets near streams of water. Blacktailed deer, blacktail deer, deer, mule deer so, on sunday june 22nd, i was having a conversation with my neighbor. This louse can be experimentally transmitted from infested blacktailed deer to mule deer with close confinement and contact robinson 2007. This map is intended to provide generalized information on the location of the species relative to provincial highways only. Pdf this chapter describes how mule deer digest available foods and how they use energy and nutrients produced from those foods for maintenance and. Pdf nutrition and metabolism of mule and blacktailed deer of. Table of contents overview blacktailed deer whitetailed. The relative contributions of predation, forage availability and weather to observed population changes remain unclear and controversial. Deerelk workshop proceedings pdf interactive map of north american.

Western association of fish and wildlife agencies this paper provides a general overview of the current blacktailed and mule deer odocoileus hemionus population status and general abundance trends throughout their range in north america. Mule and blacktailed deer males have higher annual mortality rates in part due to selective harvest through hunting connolly 1981a. Mule deer have a light rump with a black tipped tail. Columbian blacktailed deer odocoileus hemionus columbianus and sitka blacktailed deer odocoileus hemionus sitkensis. Consequently, the mule deer is apparently a rather recent form that arose from. Ecological relationships mule and blacktailed deer have difficulty moving through snow deeper than 30 cm, so they cannot survive in british columbias extensive alpine and subalpine zones in winter. The species is absent from much of the western united states, including nevada, utah and california though its close relatives, the mule deer and blacktailed deer, can be found there. The tail of this deer is black up to the rump, whereas only the tip is black on mule deer. The 2014 antelope, mule deer, whitetailed deer and elk harvest surveys were conducted by, inc. A case for standardized ungulate surveys and data management in the western united states, which calls for an improvement in how consistently survey data are collected and stored.

Mule deer, odocoileus hemionus, and columbian blacktailed deer, o. Publications wafwa western association of fish and. Relationships between sitka blacktailed deer and their habitat. Some overlapping with white tailed deer range occurs. However, the blacktailed deer and mule deer subspecies have relatively similar allozyme allele frequencies, and they intergrade in a cline along the west coast from alaska to mexico. D27 range the whitetailed deer is found in every state in the united states except perhaps alaska and utah. Ears are larger than the whitetail and the antlers are dichotomous branches equally not all from one beam. Interactive map of north american black tailed and mule deer habitat this link takes you to the remote sensinggis lab website at utah state university were you can download gis files and a map note. My neighbor is an interesting concept these days because of my extended camping trip. Pdf nutrition and metabolism of mule and blacktailed. Consequently, their value as representatives of californias wildlife resources is high.

Demographic response of mule deer to experimental reduction of coyotes and mountain lions in southeastern idaho. While the black tail is a subspecies of mule deer, there is a noticeable difference between the two. Blacktailed deer facts, size, behavior, adaptations, pictures. This video was produced by the mule deer working group with financial assistance from the. Blacktail deer stock photos download 539 royalty free photos. One additional any buck blacktailed deer, one additional any buck mule deer, and one additional any buck whitetailed deer. Black tail deer and mule deer are both primarily found in the western united states and canada, on the west side of the continental divide. It occurs throughout the southern provinces of canada, across the united states, and on into central and south america fig. Sitka blacktailed deer species profile, alaska department of fish.

Boone and crockett club score chart pdfs deer hunting. In some cases harvest shifted from mule deer to white. New deer in alaska, alaska department of fish and game. Blacktailed deer successful hunting for blacktailed deer is primarily a function of the effort, focus, and energy that hunters put into the hunt. Ensuring the conservation of mule deer, blacktailed deer and their habitat. Texas mule deer are located primarily in the high plains and transpecos regions of west texas. Predator relationships with blacktailed and mule deer in north america. Throughout coastal and inland california, mule and blacktailed deer occur in. Californias mule and blacktailed deer are among our most visible and widespread wildlife species, inhabiting much of the wildlands in the state. A wildlife management institute book hardcover april 1, 1981.

Sparring to establish dominance is common among bucks. In fenners veterinary virology fourth edition, 2011. For blacktailed deer, those gmus open to blacktailed deer hunting except gmu 485 and those gmus closed to. The pdf file linked from each plant community name describes the model. See all formats and editions hide other formats and editions. Distribution two subspecies of whitetailed deer occur in oregon. They migrate from higher altitudes where they spend the summer to. Whitetailed deer are common throughout pennsylvania. Fawns arrive in may or early june, weighing 6 to 8 pounds.

To determine the density of a potential nuisance population in marin county. The smaller columbian blacktailed deer is considered a subspecies of mule deer and is generally found along the pacific coast from san luis obispo county northward into oregon and gradually more inland into. Strictly speaking, the blacktailed deer group consists of two subspecies, as it also includes o. Well meet the dedicated people working to help this majestic icon of the west. Internet from the oregon government publications collection. The mule deer odocoileus hemionus is a deer indigenous to western north america. Posted 12312019 deer, whitetailed deer 20202025 pdf, 5. Plentiful moderate few absent hoof prints 100 0 100 200 km sitka black tailed deer mule deer columbia black tailed deer. Rangewide status of blacktailed deer and mule deer 2018. Habitat guidelines for mule deer southwest deserts ecoregion pdf a gardeners guide to preventing deer damage pdf a sportsmans guide to improving deer habitat in california pdf an assessment of mule and blacktailed deer habitats and populations in california 1998 pdf california wildlife conservation bulletin no. Overabundance of black tailed deer in urbanized coastal. Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis blacktailed or mule deer. We found only 4 published studies of the effects of predation on blacktailed deer. Tim abell hosts this look into the challenges facing mule deer.

Riley woodford is the editor of alaska fish and wildlife news. Blacktailed deer are a member of the mule deer family and found across the pacific northwest of north america. Scientific publications the sitka blacktailed deer. Blacktailed deer further cloud the identification issue because they display characteristics similar to both whitetailed deer and other mule deer subspecies. They migrate from higher altitudes where they spend the summer to lower elevations during the winter. When used alone, some of the identifying characteristics can be confusing. The tail is short, nar row, and white with a black tip and, unlike the white tailed deer, is not raised when the animal is alarmed. Though the blacktailed deer arguably is a species, virtually all recent authorities maintain it as a subspecies of the mule deer o.

Sitka blacktailed deer inhabit the most northwestern extension of the range of mule and blacktailed deer wallmo. Western association of fish and wildlife agencies abstract. During apr use which is still employed in some units, total harvest of mule deer bucks declined, and there was no increase in the number of mature mule deer bucks. In addition to deer provided by hunters, fish and game welcomes any photographs or reports of mule and whitetailed deer sightings in alaska. Big game black bear 19992010 pdf, 750 kb elk 20142024 pdf, 16 mb deer, mule deer 20202025 pdf, 3. Twin births are common, but a young doe may give birth to a single fawn. Chronic wasting disease is a progressive, fatal neurological disease of captive andor freeranging mule deer odocoileus hemionus, mule deer hybrids, blacktailed deer, whitetailed deer odocoileus virginianus, rocky mountain elk cervus canadensis, and shiras moose alces alces. Rangewide estimation of population size, harvest, and hunter numbers of mule deer provided.